Dominick Russo, et al v. Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce, et al

Circuit 11Sep 3, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 67/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Vacated

The Eleventh Circuit held that the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council wields significant authority through three statutory veto provisions that violate the Appointments Clause, but because those veto powers played no role in promulgating the gag-grouper catch-limit rule, the rule itself remains valid. It therefore vacated the district court’s judgment for the fishermen and remanded with instructions to enter judgment for the government.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether commercial fishermen have Article III standing to mount an Appointments-Clause challenge to the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council when the challenged regulation did not involve the Council’s veto powers.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 3Circuit 5Circuit 11(this circuit)

Fishermen possess standing; injury is fairly traceable to the Secretary’s adoption of the rule and separation-of-powers harm.

Circuit 1

Fishermen lack standing because the Council’s veto powers did not affect the challenged regulation, breaking traceability.

Conflict Summary

The First Circuit holds that fishermen lack standing because their injury is not traceable to the Council’s veto powers, whereas the Third, Fifth, and Eleventh Circuits conclude that the economic harm from the Secretary’s promulgation of the rule and the here-and-now separation-of-powers injury are fairly traceable and redressable, thus satisfying Article III.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Dominick Russo, James Russo, and FFC Seafood, Inc.
Appellee:Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce; Assistant Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service; National Marine Fisheries Service