Alejandro Handal v. Innovative Industrial Properties Inc

3rd CircuitOct 15, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 71/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

Former shareholders of Innovative Industrial Properties sued the company and several officers for securities fraud, alleging that misstatements about due-diligence practices, tenant monitoring, and reimbursement payments concealed a tenant’s Ponzi-style fraud. The Third Circuit held that nearly all challenged statements were either opinions, accurate, or not misleading, that the single arguably false statement lacked the requisite scienter, and therefore affirmed dismissal of the complaint with prejudice.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether and to what extent a court may infer "corporate (collective) scienter"—i.e., attribute scienter to a corporation without identifying a specific culpable individual—when assessing liability under §10(b) and Rule 10b-5.

Circuit Positions

2nd Circuit5th Circuit6th Circuit7th Circuit8th Circuit9th Circuit

Recognize corporate/collective scienter in limited or ‘exceedingly rare’ situations.

3rd Circuit(this circuit)

Has neither accepted nor rejected the corporate scienter doctrine and declines to decide its applicability in the instant case.

Conflict Summary

Several circuits allow plaintiffs, in rare circumstances, to plead scienter against a corporation by alleging a ‘collective’ or ‘corporate’ scienter theory, while other circuits (including the Third Circuit in this opinion) have not adopted or expressly declined to adopt the doctrine, leaving the question open.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Alejandro Handal and Stephen R. Forrester
Appellee:Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. (and individual officers Paul Smithers, Catherine Hastings, Alan D. Gold, Benjamin C. Regin)

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Rosen Law Firm (Michael A. Cohen; Jacob A. Goldberg; Gonen Haklay)
Appellee:Foley & Lardner LLP (Andrew A. Howell; Stacy R. Obenhaus)

Opinion Document