LINDA CABELLO GARCIA V. USCIS, ET AL

9th CircuitJul 22, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 71/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court’s dismissal of Linda Cabello Garcia’s suit challenging USCIS’s denial of her U-visa–based adjustment of status for failure to submit a medical form. Relying on Patel and distinguishing its own earlier decision in Nakka, the panel held that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) strips district courts of jurisdiction once an individual denial has issued, channeling any review to the removal-proceeding petition-for-review route, and rejected constitutional objections.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) bars district-court jurisdiction over collateral (generally applicable) challenges to USCIS policies governing discretionary adjustment-of-status decisions under 8 U.S.C. § 1255.

Circuit Positions

1st Circuit2nd Circuit4th Circuit5th Circuit6th Circuit7th Circuit

§ 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) eliminates district-court jurisdiction for all challenges (individual or collateral) to USCIS discretionary adjustment-of-status decisions; review is available only through petitions for review after removal orders.

9th Circuit(this circuit)

§ 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) bars review of individual denials but allows district-court jurisdiction over collateral challenges to generally applicable USCIS policies.

Conflict Summary

The Ninth Circuit (under Nakka) holds that § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) strips jurisdiction only over individual application denials and permits district courts to hear collateral attacks on generally applicable USCIS policies, whereas the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Circuits (and the D.C. Circuit, though not numbered here) read the statute to bar any district-court review—including collateral policy challenges—of USCIS adjustment-of-status determinations, channeling all review to the petition-for-review process.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Linda Cabello Garcia
Appellee:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (and federal officials)

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Matt Adams, Glenda M. Aldana Madrid, Leila Kang, Aaron Korthuis (Northwest Immigrant Rights Project); Jason Baumetz (Alaska Immigration Justice Project)
Appellee:Hans H. Chen, J. Max Weintraub, Anthony D. Bianco, Kathleen A. Connolly, William C. Peachey, Brian M. Boynton, Michelle Lambert (U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Immigration Litigation)

Opinion Document