Hickson v. St. David's

Circuit 5Feb 25, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 64/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed in Part

The Fifth Circuit reviewed the dismissal of claims arising from the death of Michael Hickson after a hospital withdrew life-sustaining treatment allegedly because of his disabilities. The court affirmed the dismissal of several claims but vacated and remanded the disability-discrimination, informed-consent, and intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress claims, holding that adverse medical-treatment decisions can, in some circumstances, constitute actionable disability discrimination.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether an adverse medical-treatment decision (or decision to withhold treatment) can constitute actionable disability discrimination under § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and § 1557 of the ACA when the decision is based solely on the patient's disability.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 5(this circuit)Circuit 7

Adverse medical-treatment decisions can give rise to disability-discrimination liability if the decision is made solely because of the patient’s disability.

Circuit 8Circuit 11

Medical-treatment decisions (or withholding of care) can never serve as the basis for a disability-discrimination claim under the Rehabilitation Act or ADA/ACA.

Conflict Summary

The Fifth, First, Second, and Seventh Circuits hold that medical-treatment decisions may violate the Rehabilitation Act/ACA when the decision rests solely on the patient’s disability, allowing such claims to proceed. In contrast, the Eighth and Eleventh Circuits categorically bar disability-discrimination claims predicated on medical-treatment decisions, treating such allegations as non-cognizable under the statutes.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Melissa Hickson, individually and on behalf of the estate and minors
Appellee:St. David’s Healthcare Partnership, L.P., L.L.P. and associated physicians