USA v. Mitchell

Circuit 5Nov 21, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 91/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

Applying the Supreme Court’s Bruen text-and-history framework, the Fifth Circuit held that permanently disarming Kevin LaMarcus Mitchell under § 922(g)(1), based solely on his prior conviction as an unlawful marijuana user, violates the Second Amendment because the Government failed to identify a sufficiently analogous historical tradition. Accordingly, the court reversed the district court’s refusal to dismiss the indictment and vacated Mitchell’s conviction and sentence.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) may constitutionally impose a categorical, permanent firearm ban on all felons after N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Bruen, or whether the statute must be evaluated case-by-case through as-applied Second Amendment challenges.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 4Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 10Circuit 11

§ 922(g)(1) is facially constitutional and may be applied categorically to all felons without individualized inquiry.

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 3Circuit 5(this circuit)Circuit 6Circuit 7

§ 922(g)(1) may be unconstitutional as applied to some non-violent felons; courts must conduct an individualized Bruen analysis.

Conflict Summary

The Fourth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits continue to uphold § 922(g)(1) categorically for all felons, reasoning that historical status-based disarmament suffices. By contrast, the First, Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Circuits permit or require individualized, as-applied analysis and have found § 922(g)(1) unconstitutional in some circumstances.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Kevin LaMarcus Mitchell
Appellee:United States of America