USA v. Kevan Carter Gibbs, II

Circuit 11Sep 17, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 53/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

The Eleventh Circuit reversed the district court’s suppression order, holding that although the warrant affidavit was thin, it contained enough indicia of probable cause to justify the officer’s objectively reasonable reliance and therefore the Leon good-faith exception applied. The panel (Judge Brasher, joined by Judge Newsom) remanded for further proceedings, concluding that evidence obtained from the defendant’s cloud account and subsequent searches is admissible.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether law-enforcement officers may, without a new warrant, open and examine digital files referenced in a NCMEC CyberTip under the private-search doctrine.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 5Circuit 6

Warrantless government examination of CyberTip files permissible under private-search doctrine

Circuit 2Circuit 9

Officers must obtain a warrant (or remain strictly within scope of the private search) before viewing CyberTip files

Circuit 11(this circuit)

Issue noted but position not yet decided

Conflict Summary

The Fifth and Sixth Circuits have held that officers may view or download files identified by an electronic service provider and forwarded through a CyberTip without first obtaining a warrant because the private-search doctrine eliminates any reasonable expectation of privacy, whereas the Second and Ninth Circuits require officers to secure a warrant (or limit their inspection to exactly what the private actor already saw) before examining the files. The Eleventh Circuit acknowledged the disagreement but did not reach the issue in this opinion.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:United States of America
Appellee:Kevan Carter Gibbs, II