5-Star General Store v. American Express Company

Circuit 1Aug 19, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 55/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The First Circuit held that American Express waived— and therefore defaulted on—its contractual right to compel arbitration by repeatedly refusing to pay AAA filing fees, causing the arbitrations to be administratively closed. Because Amex was in default under 9 U.S.C. § 3, the court affirmed the district court’s denial of Amex’s motion to stay the litigation and compel arbitration.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether a party’s non-payment of arbitration filing fees presents a question for the court (as waiver/default) or for the arbitrator under the FAA.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1(this circuit)Circuit 10

Non-payment of arbitration fees is a litigation-related waiver/default that the court must decide.

Circuit 5

Non-payment of arbitration fees is a procedural matter for the arbitrator to decide.

Conflict Summary

The First and Tenth Circuits treat a party’s failure to pay contractually-required arbitration fees—when that conduct halts the arbitral process—as a litigation-related waiver/default that a court must decide before compelling arbitration. The Fifth Circuit, by contrast, characterizes the same fee-payment dispute as a procedural question that the arbitrator, not a court, must resolve.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:American Express Company and American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
Appellee:5-Star General Store a/k/a Bento LLC, Marc Allen, Inc., Fast Forward Media, Inc., Kennedy’s Irish Pub Inc., Carden, Inc., French Florist, LLC, Luxe Furniture, Inc., Luna’s Hospitality Group, LLC, The Gent’s Place Men’s Fine Grooming LLC, and Meze LLC, on behalf of themselves and a class of merchants

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Peter T. Barbur, Kevin J. Orsini, Helam Gebremariam, David H. Korn, Rebecca J. Schindel ‑ Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
Appellee:Thomas Scott-Railton, Scott C. Harris, Peggy Wedgworth ‑ Milberg Coleman Bryson Phillips Grossman PLLC; Deepak Gupta, Matthew W.H. Wessler ‑ Gupta Wessler LLP; Tracey Kitzman ‑ Song PC; Antony R. Leone II, John Joseph O'Brien ‑ Leone Law, LLC