In Re VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC.

Federal CircuitMar 19, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 67/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Dismissed

Volkswagen petitioned for a writ of mandamus after the USPTO Director exercised his discretion to deny institution of an inter partes review of a Longhorn Automotive patent. Arguing that the Director’s unbounded discretion violates the constitutional non-delegation doctrine, Volkswagen sought vacatur of the non-institution decision. The 13th Circuit denied the petition, holding that the Director’s decision whether to institute IPR is an executive, not legislative, act and therefore poses no non-delegation problem.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether Congress's delegation of discretion to a federal agency to choose whether to institute in-agency adjudicatory proceedings violates the constitutional non-delegation doctrine.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 5

Agency discretion to choose an in-house forum constitutes an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power.

Circuit 3Federal Circuit(this circuit)

Agency discretion to institute (or decline to institute) in-house proceedings is an executive function and does not violate the non-delegation doctrine.

Conflict Summary

The Fifth Circuit (in Jarkesy v. SEC) held that Congress unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the SEC by permitting the agency to decide whether to bring enforcement actions in-house or in Article III courts, while the Third Circuit (in Axalta Coating Sys. LLC v. FAA) and the 13th Circuit in this case view such discretion as an exercise of executive, not legislative, power that does not offend the non-delegation doctrine.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.
Appellee:United States Patent and Trademark Office (Director) and Longhorn Automotive Group LLC