Carmen Odalis Cabrera-Hernandez v. Pamela Bondi -Board of Immigration Appeals

6th CircuitOct 16, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 39/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Sixth Circuit denied Carmen Cabrera-Hernandez’s petition for review, upholding the Board of Immigration Appeals’ determination that her proposed particular social groups—variations on “Honduran women” of certain ages—are too broad to be cognizable for asylum. Because her PSGs failed the ‘particularity’ requirement, the court concluded she could not establish asylum, withholding, or CAT protection and therefore affirmed the BIA’s order.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether broad demographic groups defined primarily by gender and nationality (e.g., “Honduran women”) satisfy the ‘particularity’ requirement to constitute a cognizable ‘particular social group’ (PSG) for purposes of asylum eligibility under the Immigration and Nationality Act.

Circuit Positions

9th Circuit

Broad gender-plus-nationality groups (e.g., “Guatemalan women,” “Somalian females”) can constitute cognizable PSGs despite their size.

6th Circuit(this circuit)

Such broad demographic groups are overbroad, lack particularity, and therefore are not cognizable PSGs.

Conflict Summary

The Ninth Circuit has held that large, gender-based nationality groups can be cognizable PSGs and rejected the idea that sheer size defeats particularity, whereas the Sixth Circuit deems such groups overbroad and insufficiently particular, thereby rendering them non-cognizable.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Carmen Odalis Cabrera-Hernandez
Appellee:Pamela Bondi, Attorney General

Opinion Document