United States v. Adamu

2nd CircuitJul 21, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 37/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

Two pilots convicted of conspiring to traffic multi-ton quantities of cocaine from South America to Africa and Europe challenged their convictions, arguing that 21 U.S.C. § 959 lacks extraterritorial reach, the government violated their Sixth Amendment rights by reviewing privileged documents, and that cellphone-extraction evidence was improperly admitted. The Second Circuit rejected each argument, reaffirmed its prior precedent that § 959 applies extraterritorially, found no Kastigar violation, deemed the digital evidence properly authenticated (and any error harmless), and therefore affirmed the convictions and sentences.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 21 U.S.C. § 959 applies extraterritorially to the offense of possession with intent to distribute narcotics.

Circuit Positions

2nd Circuit(this circuit)

§ 959 applies extraterritorially to possession-with-intent-to-distribute offenses.

0th Circuit

§ 959 does NOT apply extraterritorially to possession-with-intent-to-distribute offenses absent clear statutory indication.

Conflict Summary

The Second Circuit holds that § 959 applies extraterritorially in its entirety, including to acts of possession with intent to distribute, while the D.C. Circuit holds that the statute lacks a clear indication of extraterritorial reach for possession-with-intent offenses and therefore does not extend abroad.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Jibril Adamu and Jean-Claude Okongo Landji
Appellee:United States of America

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Ballard Spahr LLP (Michael P. Robotti, Kelly Lin, Kathryn J. Boyle) for Adamu; Edelstein & Grossman (Jonathan I. Edelstein) for Landji
Appellee:Elinor L. Tarlow, Matthew J.C. Hellman, Nathan Rehn, for Damian Williams, United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York

Opinion Document