Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburg, et al.

Circuit 10Jul 28, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 59/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

The Tenth Circuit reversed the district court’s summary-judgment ruling that separate acts of sexual abuse constituted multiple insurance "occurrences" and therefore left the LDS Church below the retained limits of its excess policies. Holding that the policies’ definitions of "occurrence" are ambiguous and must be construed in favor of coverage under Utah law, the court remanded for further proceedings.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether institutional negligence that allows repeated acts of sexual abuse constitutes one 'occurrence' or multiple 'occurrences' under excess-liability insurance policies that define an occurrence as 'an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions.'

Circuit Positions

Circuit 3Circuit 6Circuit 10(this circuit)

Institutional negligence and resulting repeated abuse may be aggregated as a single occurrence (ambiguous language construed in favor of insured).

Circuit 5Circuit 7Circuit 9

Each discrete act of abuse (or each victim abused at a different time/place) constitutes a separate occurrence under the same policy language.

Conflict Summary

Several circuits read identical 'occurrence' language to aggregate all abuse stemming from an institution’s negligence into a single occurrence, while other circuits treat each individual act of abuse (or each victim) as a separate occurrence, dramatically changing whether retained limits are satisfied and how much coverage is available.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Appellee:National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA; ACE Property and Casualty Insurance Company

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Kirton McConkie
Appellee:Nicolaides Fink Thorpe Michaelides Sullivan LLP; Christensen & Jensen, P.C.; Walker Wilcox Matousek LLP