Jeffrey Turner v. Town of Narrows

Circuit 4Jan 28, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 52/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Fourth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for the Town of Narrows, holding that Jeffrey Turner failed to show the Town’s stated reason for hiring a younger applicant—superior interview performance—was pretext for age discrimination under the ADEA. The court reiterated that, unlike some sister circuits, the Fourth Circuit does not infer pretext merely because an employer relies on subjective interview impressions.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the use of entirely subjective criteria in hiring decisions, standing alone, permits an inference of pretext sufficient to defeat summary judgment in employment-discrimination cases.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 8Circuit 10

Subjective hiring criteria alone can create an inference of pretext.

Circuit 4(this circuit)

Subjective hiring criteria, standing alone, are insufficient to establish pretext; they are merely one relevant factor.

Conflict Summary

The Tenth and Eighth Circuits allow a plaintiff to obtain an inference of discriminatory pretext when an employer relies solely on subjective hiring criteria, whereas the Fourth Circuit holds that subjectivity, by itself, is only a relevant factor and cannot alone establish pretext.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Jeffrey Allen Turner
Appellee:Town of Narrows

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Thomas E. Strelka, Virginia Employment Law
Appellee:Jeremy E. Carroll, Julian F. Harf, Spilman Thomas & Battle, PLLC