US v. Ortiz-Rodriguez

Circuit 1May 20, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 53/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The First Circuit upheld the revocation of Roberto Ortiz-Rodríguez’s supervised release and his resulting 14-month prison sentence. Although the panel agreed that Ortiz was not given adequate written notice that the government would treat his drug use as a Grade B ‘new crime’ violation, it found no plain error because Ortiz failed to show prejudice and the district court’s ultimate decision was supported by uncontested evidence.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.1 requires the government to give a defendant specific written notice of the particular supervised-release condition (or statutory crime) alleged to have been violated, or whether notice of the underlying conduct alone suffices.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 3Circuit 8

Notice of the conduct alone satisfies Rule 32.1; citation to the specific supervised-release condition or statute is unnecessary.

Circuit 1(this circuit)Circuit 2Circuit 7Circuit 9

Rule 32.1 requires written notice identifying the specific supervised-release condition violated (and, when relevant, the precise crime); mere description of conduct is insufficient.

Conflict Summary

Some circuits hold that it is enough for the revocation petition to describe the alleged conduct underlying the violation, without citing the precise supervised-release condition or statutory offense. Other circuits require the government to identify the specific condition allegedly violated (and, if a new crime is charged, the particular statute), so that the defendant can prepare a defense. The First Circuit, in the present opinion, joins the latter view and finds inadequate notice when only the conduct was listed.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Roberto Ortiz-Rodríguez
Appellee:United States

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Laura I. Soto-Santiago; Rachel Brill; Franco L. Pérez-Redondo (Federal Public Defender, District of Puerto Rico)
Appellee:Maarja T. Luhtaru; W. Stephen Muldrow; Juan Carlos Reyes-Ramos (U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of Puerto Rico)