USA v. James Abrams

Circuit 3Jan 30, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 56/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed in Part

A federal jury convicted James P. Abrams of multiple counts of fraud, identity theft, money laundering, and related offenses stemming from a clean-energy investment scheme. On appeal, the Third Circuit upheld all convictions and the 72-month prison term, rejected challenges to jury instructions and sufficiency of the evidence, but held that the MVRA does not permit restitution of victims’ attorneys’ fees, vacating that portion of the award and remanding for a revised judgment.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether victims may recover attorneys’ fees as “other expenses” under 18 U.S.C. § 3663A(b)(4) of the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 6

Attorneys’ fees ARE recoverable as “other expenses” under § 3663A(b)(4).

Circuit 3(this circuit)

Attorneys’ fees are NOT recoverable under § 3663A(b)(4).

Conflict Summary

The Third Circuit concluded that the residual phrase “other expenses” in § 3663A(b)(4) is limited to attendance-related costs such as child-care, transportation, or lost income, and therefore does not encompass attorneys’ fees. The First, Second, and Sixth Circuits have permitted restitution of attorneys’ fees incurred by victims during the government’s investigation or prosecution, reading the same phrase broadly to include such professional costs.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:James P. Abrams
Appellee:United States of America

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Jason F. Ullman, Office of the Federal Public Defender
Appellee:Patrick J. Bannon (argued) and Carlo D. Marchioli, Office of the United States Attorney