DILLON TRUST COMPANY LLC v. US

Federal CircuitMay 14, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 63/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The 13th Circuit affirmed the Court of Federal Claims’ finding that the Dillon trusts are liable as transferees for over $79 million in unpaid taxes, penalties, and interest owed by Humboldt Shelby Holding Corporation, and upheld the denial of the trusts’ illegal-exaction claim regarding underpayment interest. Applying New York fraudulent-conveyance law and federal tax principles, the court collapsed the stock-and-asset sales, concluded the trusts had constructive knowledge of the tax-avoidance scheme, and ruled that transferee liability includes penalties and interest.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether a transferee of assets under 26 U.S.C. § 6901 may be held liable for the transferor’s federal tax penalties and pre-notice interest when the value of the transferred assets exceeds the underlying tax liability.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 9Circuit 11Federal Circuit(this circuit)

Transferee liability encompasses underlying tax, statutory penalties, and pre-notice interest so long as the value of the transferred assets exceeds the total liability.

Circuit 8

Transferee liability is limited to the underlying tax; penalties and pre-notice interest are not recoverable from the transferee.

Conflict Summary

The Eighth Circuit limits transferee liability to the underlying tax, excluding penalties and pre-notice interest, whereas the First, Second, Ninth, Eleventh, and now the 13th Circuit hold that a transferee may be liable for all amounts the transferor owes—including statutory penalties and interest—up to the value of the assets received.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Dillon Trust Company LLC, as trustee for Trusts 709204, 709210, and 8545
Appellee:United States

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Steptoe LLP (Lawrence M. Hill; Caitlin Rebecca Tharp)
Appellee:U.S. Department of Justice, Tax Division (Geoffrey Klimas; Jacob Earl Christensen; David A. Hubbert)