PERIDOT TREE, INC., ET AL. V. CITY OF SACRAMENTO, ET AL.

Circuit 9Jan 2, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 63/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Ninth Circuit consolidated appeals challenging Washington and Sacramento cannabis-licensing schemes that give preference to local residents. The court held that the dormant Commerce Clause does not protect an interstate market that Congress has criminalized and therefore upheld dismissal of the suits, affirming that the residency requirements are valid.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the dormant Commerce Clause applies to state cannabis-licensing residency requirements even though marijuana remains illegal under the federal Controlled Substances Act.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 2

Dormant Commerce Clause applies to marijuana markets; residency requirements are per se discriminatory and invalid.

Circuit 9(this circuit)

Dormant Commerce Clause does not apply to marijuana markets outlawed by Congress; residency requirements are permissible.

Conflict Summary

The First and Second Circuits hold that state residency preferences for marijuana-dispensary licenses violate the dormant Commerce Clause because the Clause applies notwithstanding the federal ban. In contrast, the Ninth Circuit holds that the dormant Commerce Clause does not extend to an interstate market Congress has declared illegal, so such residency preferences are permissible.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Peridot Tree WA, Inc.; Peridot Tree, Inc.; Kenneth Gay
Appellee:Washington State Liquor & Cannabis Control Board; William Lukela; City of Sacramento; Davina Smith

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Jeffrey M. Jensen PC; Kernkamp Law APC (Christian Kernkamp)
Appellee:Washington State Attorney General’s Office; Dean Gazzo Roistacher LLP; Sacramento City Attorney’s Office