United States v. Rihanna Buddi -Eastern District of Tennessee at Greeneville

Circuit 6Mar 3, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 64/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed in Part

The Sixth Circuit held that Florida’s lewd and lascivious battery is not comparable to federal coercion-and-enticement under SORNA because § 2422(b) requires proof the defendant knew the victim was a minor. Accordingly, the court re-classified Buddi as a Tier I offender, vacated her 20-year term of supervised release as procedurally unreasonable, and remanded for resentencing.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b) requires the Government to prove that the defendant knew the victim was a minor.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 6(this circuit)Circuit 7Circuit 9

§ 2422(b) requires the defendant to know the victim is a minor.

Circuit 4Circuit 11

§ 2422(b) does not require knowledge of the victim’s minor status (strict-liability age element).

Conflict Summary

The Ninth, Seventh, and now Sixth Circuits read the adverb "knowingly" in § 2422(b) to apply to the victim’s age element, requiring proof that the defendant knew the person was under 18. The Eleventh and Fourth Circuits hold that the statute imposes strict liability as to age, requiring no such knowledge.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Rihanna Buddi
Appellee:United States of America

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Conrad Benjamin Kahn, Federal Defender Services of Eastern Tennessee, Inc.
Appellee:Luke A. McLaurin, United States Attorney’s Office