JAMES SCOTT V. RON BROOMFIELD

Circuit 9Apr 29, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 57/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

The Ninth Circuit reversed the district court’s grant of habeas relief to death-row inmate James Robert Scott, holding that the California Supreme Court reasonably rejected Scott’s numerous ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims under the deferential standards of AEDPA and Strickland v. Washington. The panel found no individual or cumulative prejudice from trial counsel’s alleged errors, reinstating Scott’s murder conviction and death sentence and remanding for consideration of remaining claims.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether federal habeas courts may grant relief on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim based on the cumulative prejudice of multiple alleged attorney errors when no single error is independently prejudicial under Strickland and AEDPA.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 9(this circuit)

Cumulative prejudice from multiple non-prejudicial attorney errors can warrant habeas relief on an IAC claim; state courts must consider errors in the aggregate.

Circuit 5Circuit 6Circuit 8Circuit 11

Supreme Court has not clearly established a cumulative-prejudice doctrine for IAC habeas claims; therefore, cumulative prejudice cannot justify federal habeas relief.

Conflict Summary

The Ninth Circuit and some earlier cases recognize that federal courts must aggregate the prejudicial effect of counsel’s multiple errors ("cumulative prejudice") when assessing ineffective-assistance claims on habeas review, whereas the Sixth, Eighth, Fifth, and Eleventh Circuits conclude that Supreme Court precedent has not clearly established such a cumulative-error doctrine for Sixth Amendment claims, so state courts cannot be reversed on that basis.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Ronald Broomfield, Warden
Appellee:James Robert Scott

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Gabriel K. Bradley, Herbert S. Tetef, A. Scott Hayward, Ana R. Duarte, Office of the California Attorney General
Appellee:Emily J.M. Groendyke, Jennifer L. Molayem, Kristina A. Harootun, Cuauhtémoc Ortega, Office of the Federal Public Defender, Los Angeles