Care One, LLC v. NLRB

Circuit 2Feb 5, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 91/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Second Circuit affirmed the district court’s denial of a preliminary injunction sought by Care One, LLC and affiliated nursing-home operators to halt ongoing National Labor Relations Board proceedings. The court held that, regardless of the merits of Care One’s Appointments-Clause and dual-layer removal-protection challenges to the NLRB Administrative Law Judge, the plaintiffs failed to show a likelihood of irreparable harm because the ALJ proceedings have ended and the Board—now lawfully constituted—will review the case de novo.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether dual, for-cause removal protections for agency Administrative Law Judges (and related questions of being subjected to proceedings before such ALJs) violate Article II and/or warrant preliminary injunctive relief.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 5

Dual-layer for-cause removal protection for ALJs is unconstitutional and parties suffer irreparable harm once proceedings begin (injunctive relief appropriate).

Circuit 2(this circuit)Circuit 3Circuit 4Circuit 6Circuit 9Circuit 10Circuit 11

Dual-layer removal protection for ALJs is not unconstitutional (or at least does not create irreparable harm warranting a preliminary injunction while agency review remains available).

Conflict Summary

The Fifth Circuit has held that ALJs insulated by two layers of for-cause removal protection likely violate the separation of powers and that parties forced to proceed before them suffer irreparable harm warranting injunctions. The Second Circuit (in this case) and several other circuits have rejected that view, concluding either that the protections are constitutional or, at minimum, that any asserted injury is not irreparable and can be remedied on direct review.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Care One, LLC and affiliated health-care facilities
Appellee:National Labor Relations Board (and individual Board members/ALJ)

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Kasowitz Benson Torres LLP (Daniel R. Benson; Christian T. Becker; Amit R. Vora)
Appellee:National Labor Relations Board, Appellate and Supreme Court Litigation Branch (Michael S. Dale; Jennifer A. Abruzzo; Peter Sung Ohr; Nancy E. Kessler Platt; Dawn L. Goldstein; Kevin P. Flanagan; Paul A. Thomas; Grace L. Pezzella)