US v. Danny Roney

Circuit 4Aug 14, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 57/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Fourth Circuit held that 18 U.S.C. § 4243 allows a district court to revoke an insanity acquittee’s conditional discharge only when the acquittee fails to comply with the court-approved prescribed treatment regimen, not merely when an ‘ancillary’ release condition is violated. Applying that interpretation, the court nevertheless affirmed the revocation of Danny Roney’s conditional discharge because the firearm-possession restriction he broke was part of his certified treatment regimen.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 18 U.S.C. § 4243 allows a district court to revoke an insanity acquittee’s conditional discharge based on violation of an ancillary condition unrelated to the prescribed treatment regimen, or only for non-compliance with the prescribed regimen of medical, psychiatric, or psychological care or treatment.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 7Circuit 8Circuit 9

Revocation may be based on violation of ancillary conditions beyond the prescribed treatment regimen.

Circuit 4(this circuit)Circuit 11

Revocation is limited to failures to comply with the prescribed regimen of medical, psychiatric, or psychological care or treatment; ancillary-condition violations cannot justify revocation.

Conflict Summary

The First, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Circuits read § 4243 (and its sister statutes) broadly, permitting courts to impose ‘ancillary’ conditions and to revoke conditional release when those ancillary conditions are violated. The Eleventh Circuit—now joined by the Fourth Circuit in this opinion—reads the statute narrowly, holding that revocation is authorized only when the acquittee fails to comply with the prescribed treatment regimen itself; ancillary-condition violations cannot trigger revocation.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Danny T. Roney
Appellee:United States of America

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Kimberly Harvey Albro, Office of the Federal Public Defender, Columbia, South Carolina
Appellee:Winston David Holliday, Jr., Office of the United States Attorney, Columbia, South Carolina