Rocky Freeman v. J. Lincalis

3rd CircuitOct 29, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 43/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed in Part

The Third Circuit reinstated Rocky Freeman’s Federal Tort Claims Act suit alleging that an inaccurate presentence report led to harsher prison conditions, holding that he properly presented his claim to the Probation Office and that neither the PLRA nor the merits foreclosed his negligence theory at the pleading stage. The court affirmed dismissal of his individual-capacity Bivens claims, finding existing Supreme Court precedent bars extending Bivens to this new context. The case is remanded for discovery on the FTCA claim.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the FTCA’s presentment requirement in 28 U.S.C. § 2675 is jurisdictional (depriving courts of subject-matter jurisdiction) or a non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule.

Circuit Positions

13th Circuit

§ 2675 is a non-jurisdictional, mandatory claim-processing rule.

3rd Circuit(this circuit)4th Circuit

§ 2675 is jurisdictional and must be satisfied for a federal court to exercise subject-matter jurisdiction.

Conflict Summary

The Federal Circuit holds that § 2675 is a mandatory but non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule, while the Fourth Circuit (and the Third Circuit’s pre-existing precedent) continue to treat § 2675 as a jurisdictional prerequisite. The Third Circuit acknowledged the disagreement but did not revisit its earlier jurisdictional view in this opinion.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Rocky L. Freeman
Appellee:United States of America; Unit Manager J. Lincalis; Probation Officer John D. McCarthy; Supervising U.S. Probation Officer Stephen L. Brighton; Chief Probation Officer James M. Fox

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Boston University School of Law Appellate Clinic (Sanketh Bhaskar, Henry Drembus, Brianna Jordan, Madeline Meth)
Appellee:Office of the United States Attorney, Middle District of Pennsylvania (Patrick J. Bannon, Carlo D. Marchioli)

Opinion Document