USA v. Debrow

Circuit 5Jul 23, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 86/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Vacated

The Fifth Circuit considered Talanzo Debrow’s challenge to his felon-in-possession conviction, arguing that 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) violates the Second Amendment as applied to him because his sole predicate felony was aggravated criminal damage to property. Concluding the Government failed to supply sufficient historical evidence justifying lifetime disarmament for that predicate, the court vacated the district court’s order denying Debrow’s motion to dismiss and remanded for further proceedings.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) is constitutional as applied to individual felons after N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen and, if not, what analytical test governs the as-applied inquiry.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 2Circuit 4Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 10Circuit 11

§ 922(g)(1) is constitutional as applied to all felons—no individualized inquiry required

Circuit 3Circuit 6

As-applied challenges allowed; courts examine defendant’s personal history and continuing dangerousness

Circuit 5(this circuit)

As-applied challenges allowed but limited to the predicate felony’s elements; courts will not conduct a free-floating dangerousness inquiry

Conflict Summary

Circuits disagree on the proper post-Bruen framework for evaluating § 922(g)(1) as-applied challenges. A majority (2d, 4th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th) uphold the statute across the board for all felons. The 3d and 6th Circuits allow as-applied challenges but look to the defendant’s overall dangerousness and personal characteristics. The 5th Circuit permits as-applied challenges yet limits the inquiry to the nature of the predicate felony itself, rejecting a broad dangerousness assessment.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Talanzo Debrow
Appellee:United States of America