USA v. Cockerham

Circuit 5Dec 17, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 85/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

In this Fifth Circuit case, Edward Cockerham challenged his conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) for possessing a firearm after a prior felony conviction for failure to pay child support. Applying Bruen’s historical-tradition test, the court held that lifetime disarmament of a non-violent debtor lacks a founding-era analogue and therefore violates the Second Amendment as applied to Cockerham, reversing the conviction and remanding.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1)’s lifetime firearm ban for all persons convicted of crimes punishable by more than one-year imprisonment violates the Second Amendment when applied to individuals whose predicate offense was non-violent (e.g., failure to pay child support) and how courts should conduct the historical-tradition inquiry after NYSRPA v. Bruen.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 2Circuit 4Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 10Circuit 11

§ 922(g)(1) is categorically constitutional; no as-applied Second-Amendment challenges permitted.

Circuit 6

As-applied challenges are permissible, but courts may consider the defendant’s entire criminal record/dangerousness; § 922(g)(1) generally upheld.

Circuit 3Circuit 5(this circuit)

As-applied challenges focusing on the predicate offense’s historical analogue are required; lifetime disarmament of non-violent offenders can be unconstitutional.

Conflict Summary

The circuits disagree on (1) whether § 922(g)(1) is categorically constitutional or instead subject to individualized, as-applied Second-Amendment challenges, and (2) if individualized review is required, what factors matter—only the nature of the predicate felony or the defendant’s broader dangerousness.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Edward Cockerham
Appellee:United States of America