US v. Ernst Jacob GmbH & Co. KG

1st CircuitOct 23, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 31/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed in Part

The First Circuit held that it had interlocutory jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(3) because the case included third-party admiralty claims, and it reversed the district court’s grant of partial summary judgment that had imposed liability on the shipowner and guarantor for natural-resource damages under the Oil Pollution Act. The court ruled that the district judge applied the wrong legal standard: the government had to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the grounding posed a "substantial threat" of an oil discharge, rather than receiving deferential APA review of the Coast Guard On-Scene Coordinator’s determination, and the court must also decide whether the damaged coral reefs are resources "managed or controlled" by the United States.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the presence of a third-party admiralty claim makes the entire case an "admiralty case" for purposes of interlocutory appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(3).

Circuit Positions

1st Circuit(this circuit)

A case that includes any Rule 9(h) third-party admiralty claim is an admiralty case under § 1292(a)(3).

5th Circuit

Only the original plaintiff’s pleadings can render a case an admiralty case; third-party maritime claims do not suffice for § 1292(a)(3) jurisdiction.

Conflict Summary

The First Circuit held that any properly designated third-party admiralty claim brings the whole action within § 1292(a)(3), whereas the Fifth Circuit (Poincon v. Offshore Marine Contractors, Inc., 9 F.4th 289 (5th Cir. 2021)) ruled that only the original plaintiff’s designation can create an admiralty case and that third-party maritime claims do not confer § 1292(a)(3) jurisdiction.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Ernst Jacob GmbH & Co. KG and Shipowners Insurance & Guaranty Company, Ltd.
Appellee:United States

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Keith Bradley, ScheLeese Goudy, David Indiano (Indiano & Williams, P.S.C.), Eugene J. O'Connor, Robert O'Connor (Montgomery McCracken), Kayla M. Mendez (Squire Patton Boggs LLP), Manuel San Juan (Law Offices of Manuel San Juan), Robert B. Parrish, Thomas C. Sullivan (Moseley, Prichard, Parrish, Knight & Jones), Richard L. Jarashow
Appellee:Allen M. Brabender, Todd Kim (Assistant Attorney General), Elias L. Quinn, Natalie G. Harrison, U.S. Department of Justice, Environment & Natural Resources Division

Opinion Document