Sufiyan v. Bondi

Circuit 2Mar 12, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 42/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Remanded

The Second Circuit reviewed the BIA’s denial of Sri Lankan petitioner Sufiyan’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief. It held that while the agency properly denied CAT protection, it erred by refusing to decide whether Sufiyan would be eligible for asylum or statutory withholding absent the INA material-support bar; the court therefore granted the petition in part and remanded for that determination, while denying relief on the CAT claims.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the Board of Immigration Appeals must decide if a non-citizen is otherwise eligible for asylum or statutory withholding of removal before applying the INA ‘material-support’ terrorism bar, so that the applicant may pursue a discretionary waiver from the Department of Homeland Security.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 2(this circuit)

BIA must make a ‘but-for’ asylum/withholding eligibility finding before applying the material-support bar so the applicant can seek a DHS waiver.

Circuit 7

BIA is not required to decide underlying eligibility and may deny relief solely on the material-support bar without such a finding.

Conflict Summary

The Second Circuit holds that the BIA must first determine an applicant’s ‘but-for’ eligibility for asylum/withholding before invoking the material-support bar, because that finding is a prerequisite to seeking a DHS waiver; the Seventh Circuit (FH-T v. Holder, 723 F.3d 833 (7th Cir. 2013)) holds the BIA has no such obligation and may deny relief solely on the material-support ground without addressing underlying eligibility.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Mohamed Irshan Mohamed Sufiyan
Appellee:Pamela Bondi, U.S. Attorney General

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Visuvanathan Rudrakumaran, Law Office of Visuvanathan Rudrakumaran, New York, NY
Appellee:Stefanie Notarino Hennes, National Security Unit, Office of Immigration Litigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC