BENNETT v. US

Federal CircuitMay 6, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 61/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Dismissed

The 13th Circuit (Federal Circuit in this case) dismissed James Bennett’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction because the Court of Federal Claims had granted him leave to file a new consolidated amended complaint, meaning no final judgment existed. The panel held that, under any of the tests used by other circuits for finality in this circumstance, Bennett’s appeal was premature.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether an order dismissing a complaint but granting leave to amend is an appealable "final decision" under 28 U.S.C. § 1291/§ 1295 before the plaintiff either amends, the amendment period expires, or the plaintiff formally elects to stand on the dismissed complaint.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 4Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 10Federal Circuit(this circuit)

Dismissal with leave to amend is NOT final unless the plaintiff affirmatively stands on the complaint and seeks entry of final judgment.

Circuit 2Circuit 7Circuit 11

Dismissal with leave to amend automatically becomes final and appealable when the period to amend expires, even without further district-court action.

Circuit 3DC Circuit

Order can be treated as final if the district court states it will become final upon expiration of the amendment deadline.

Conflict Summary

Circuits disagree on when a dismissal with leave to amend ripens into a final, appealable judgment. Some require the plaintiff to announce an intent to stand on the original complaint and ask the district court to enter final judgment; others treat the order as final automatically once the amendment deadline passes; a third group treats the order as final only if the district court expressly states it will become final upon the deadline's expiration.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:James Bennett
Appellee:United States

Legal Counsel

Appellant:James Bennett (pro se)
Appellee:Kelly Palamar, Geoffrey M. Long, Patricia M. McCarthy, Brett Shumate – U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, Commercial Litigation Branch