USA v. Joseph Ott

Circuit 11Jan 29, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 71/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Eleventh Circuit held that an attempt to commit a qualifying crime of violence is itself a crime of violence under the Sentencing Guidelines following Amendment 822, which moved the inchoate-offense language from commentary to the guideline text. Because completed New York second-degree robbery is a crime of violence, Ott’s prior conviction for attempted robbery supported the career-offender enhancement, and his 168-month sentence was therefore affirmed.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2’s commentary can expand the definition of a “crime of violence” or “controlled substance offense” to include inchoate offenses (attempt, conspiracy, aiding and abetting) when those offenses are not enumerated in the guideline text itself.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 0Circuit 3Circuit 4Circuit 6Circuit 11(this circuit)

Guideline commentary cannot expand the text; inchoate offenses excluded unless expressly listed in § 4B1.2.

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 5Circuit 7Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 10

Guideline commentary is authoritative under Stinson; inchoate offenses included even if not in guideline text.

Conflict Summary

Several circuits (including the Eleventh) have held, applying Kisor v. Wilkie, that guideline commentary cannot add inchoate offenses to § 4B1.2 because the text is unambiguous, while most other circuits had earlier treated the commentary as authoritative under Stinson v. United States and therefore included attempts and conspiracies within the definition.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Joseph Lamonte Ott
Appellee:United States of America