United States v. Jeremy Wayne Harrell -Eastern District of Kentucky at Frankfort

Circuit 6Jul 2, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 67/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Sixth Circuit held that the district court erred by imposing a criminal-forfeiture money judgment months after sentencing without complying with Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.2(b)(4)(B), but determined the error was harmless and therefore affirmed the forfeiture order. In reaching that result, the panel ruled that Rule 32.2(b)(4)(B) is a non-jurisdictional, time-related directive subject to harmless-error review, rejecting the view—embraced by the Seventh Circuit—that the rule is a mandatory claim-processing requirement whose violation presumptively warrants relief.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.2(b)(4)(B)’s timing requirements are a time-related directive subject to harmless-error review or a mandatory claim-processing rule requiring reversal when violated.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 3Circuit 4Circuit 6(this circuit)Circuit 11

Rule 32.2(b)(4)(B) is a time-related directive; violations are subject to harmless-error review.

Circuit 7

Rule 32.2(b)(4)(B) is a mandatory claim-processing rule; violation requires reversal unless waived.

Conflict Summary

Most circuits treat Rule 32.2(b)(4)(B) as a flexible time-related directive; violations are reviewed for harmless error. The Seventh Circuit, by contrast, has suggested the rule is a mandatory claim-processing provision, implying automatic or presumptively prejudicial reversal when a district court fails to include forfeiture in the oral sentence and judgment on time.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Jeremy Wayne Harrell
Appellee:United States of America

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Abigail Frisch Vice, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP
Appellee:Haley Trogdlen McCauley; James T. Chapman; Charles P. Wisdom, Jr., United States Attorney’s Office, Lexington, Kentucky