Mid-New York Environ. v. Dragon Springs

2nd CircuitSep 16, 2025

Split Score

SplitScore: 77/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Vacated

The Second Circuit held that the Clean Water Act’s 60-day pre-suit notice requirement is non-jurisdictional and that the plaintiffs’ notice to Dragon Springs adequately identified the alleged pollutant discharges and violated standards. Consequently, the panel vacated the district court’s dismissal of the citizen-suit complaint and remanded for further proceedings.

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the Clean Water Act’s 60-day pre-suit notice requirement in 33 U.S.C. § 1365(b) is a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit or a non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule.

Circuit Positions

1st Circuit2nd Circuit(this circuit)5th Circuit11th Circuit

§ 1365(b) notice requirement is NOT jurisdictional; it is a claim-processing rule affecting the sufficiency of the complaint only.

3rd Circuit6th Circuit7th Circuit9th Circuit10th Circuit

§ 1365(b) notice requirement IS jurisdictional; failure to comply eliminates subject-matter jurisdiction.

Conflict Summary

Several circuits hold that a defective pre-suit notice deprives federal courts of subject-matter jurisdiction, while others treat the requirement as a non-jurisdictional condition precedent that, if unmet, leads to dismissal on the merits rather than for lack of jurisdiction. The Second Circuit in this opinion joins the non-jurisdictional side.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Mid-New York Environmental and Sustainability Promotion Committee, Inc. (d/b/a NYENVIRONCOM); Robert Majcher; Grace Woodard; Alex Scilla
Appellee:Dragon Springs Buddhist, Inc.

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Rivkin Radler LLP – E. Christopher Murray; Elizabeth S. Sy
Appellee:Cuddy & Feder LLP – Brendan M. Goodhouse; Michael V. Caruso; Joshua J. Grauer

Opinion Document