Jose Baltazar Us v. Todd Blanche -Board of Immigration Appeals

Circuit 6Apr 29, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 62/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Affirmed

The Sixth Circuit denied Jose Baltazar Us’s petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ refusal to grant cancellation of removal. In doing so, the court adopted—consistent with recent Supreme Court guidance—the IIRIRA substantial-evidence standard for reviewing whether removal would cause “exceptional and extremely unusual hardship,” and concluded that no reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to find such hardship on the facts presented.

View Full Opinion Document (PDF)

Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Proper standard of review (IIRIRA substantial-evidence vs. clear-error) for appellate courts assessing the Board of Immigration Appeals’ determination that removal would not cause “exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D).

Circuit Positions

Circuit 3Circuit 6(this circuit)Circuit 8Circuit 9Circuit 11

Apply IIRIRA substantial-evidence review to hardship determinations under § 1229b(b)(1)(D).

Circuit 2

Apply clear-error review to hardship determinations under § 1229b(b)(1)(D).

Conflict Summary

Most circuits to address the question—including the Sixth Circuit in this opinion—apply the IIRIRA substantial-evidence standard, holding that a Board hardship determination is conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to disagree. The Second Circuit, however, has adopted a clear-error standard, granting appreciably less deference to the agency’s application of the hardship standard to established facts.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:Jose Baltazar Us
Appellee:Todd W. Blanche, Acting U.S. Attorney General

Legal Counsel

Appellant:Farhad Sethna, Law Offices of Farhad Sethna, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Appellee:Shahrzad Baghai, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.