Ferguson v. Lockheed Martin

Circuit 5Mar 9, 2026

Split Score

SplitScore: 68/100

Case Summary

Disposition

Reversed

The Fifth Circuit held that the False Claims Act’s first-to-file bar did not deprive the district court of jurisdiction over relator Maria Gamboa Ferguson’s qui tam suit alleging a separate fraud scheme by Lockheed Martin. Concluding that Ferguson alleged a different fraudulent mechanism than a prior relator, the court reversed the district court’s dismissal for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction and remanded for further proceedings.

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Circuit Split Identified

Legal Issue

Whether the False Claims Act’s first-to-file bar in 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(5) is jurisdictional.

Circuit Positions

Circuit 4Circuit 5(this circuit)Circuit 10

First-to-file rule is jurisdictional and limits subject-matter jurisdiction.

Circuit 0Circuit 1Circuit 2Circuit 3Circuit 6Circuit 9

First-to-file rule is non-jurisdictional (claim-processing rule).

Conflict Summary

Several circuits treat the first-to-file bar as a non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule, while others—including the Fifth Circuit in this opinion—continue to regard the bar as a jurisdictional limitation that deprives courts of subject-matter jurisdiction when triggered.

Parties & Counsel

Parties

Appellant:United States ex rel. Maria Del Carmen Gamboa Ferguson
Appellee:Lockheed Martin Corporation